Computer networking and management lesson 1 computer networks and internet overview. Two terminals constitute a port if slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Combinations of proactive and reactive protocols, where nearby routes for example, maximum two hops are kept uptodate proactively, while faraway routes are set up reactively, are also. A two port network is reciprocal if y 12 y 21, z 12 z 21, h 12 h21. Find the hybrid parameters of the network shown in fig. The first and second ports are called as port1 and port2 respectively. There is tagged and untagged traffic, so that has nothing to do with the port type hybridtrunk, so communication between a procurve and h3c should just work, with hybrid or trunk port or must be config mistake. If a network is having two pairs of terminals or two ports then it is called as two port network. Definitions twoterminal devices or elements such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors result in oneport networks. Since these parameters have mixed dimension, so they are called hybrid parameters. Hybrid parameters h parameters characteristics of an amplifier can be specified easily in terms of h parameters. Hybrid protocols utilize the capabilities of both reactive and proactive protocols, and unite them together to achieve better results. For twoport networks, four parameters are generally. Two port networks electrical impedance electricity.
A two port network a kind of fourterminal network or quadripole is an electrical network or device with two pairs of terminals to connect to external circuits. C4 appendixc twoportnetworkparameters owing to the duality between the z and yparameter characterizations, we shall not give a detailed discussion of z parameters. H12 u1 u2 0,5u2 u2 0,5 h22 i2 u2 0,25u2 u2 0,25s next well analyze the two port with a short circuit at the output u20. We can use any twoport parameter set, including admittance parameters y, impedance parameters z, or hybrid or inversehybrid parametersh or g. The resistor r3 is shunted by the short circuit, so in the circuit remain only r1 and r2. A summary of this topic is presented in this appendix. For this, we can use two port network representations.
And what i understand so far according to the definition of a twoport network, there must be two independent variables and two dependent variables as in the above figure. When the two port ne twork is linear and has no d epende nt sources, the transfer impedances are equal z 12 z 21, and the two. Twoport network parameters introduction at various points throughout the text, we make use of some of the different possible ways to characterize linear twoport networks. Pan 6 twoport circuits are useful in communications, control systems, power systems, and electronic systems. A twoport network is represented by four external variables. Twoport networks this chapter discusses the application of matlab for analysis of twoport networks. The voltage u1 is known and we need to obtain i1 and i2.
Models of twoport networks many complex, such as amplification circuits and filters, can be modeled by a twoport network model as shown below. The fourterminal or twoport circuits are used in op amps, transistors, and transformers. Every linear circuit having input and output can be analyzed as two port networks. Essentially, the hybrid port allows everything from the trunk port, plus. The relationships can be determined experimentally. The describing equations for the various twoport network representations are given. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Two port network a two port network is a network which has two input and two output terminals. A twoport network has an input port and an output port, each with.
Out of these four parameters, one is measured in ohm, one in mho and other two are dimension less. A twoport network is an electrical network circuit or device with two pairs of terminals to connect to external circuits. Hybrid two port network models electrical engineering. I would be really grateful if someone provides me a link, introducing this topic, and endowed with mathematical rigor. Twoport networks 161 chapter 16 an experiment that helps students develop an understanding of the models used for twoport. Provides a means of designinganalyzing networks with overall system performance in mind. Hybrid parameters, h parameters, twoport network, hparameter model. Specifically, the 90 degree hybrid coupler is utilized in the handset infrastructure because it offers lowloss, high isolation, and exceptional phase and amplitude balance. Hybrid or trunk hewlett packard enterprise community.
For the twoport network shown, the shortcircuit admittance parameter matrix is. In these networks there are four parameters called hybrid or hparameters. We may select two of four quantities as the independent variables and express the remaining two in terms of the chosen independent variables. Single and multiport networks single and multiport network representations consist of inputoutput relationships without knowing the internal network.
A hybrid electricaloptical switch architecture for modular data centers nathan farrington, george porter, sivasankar radhakrishnan, hamid hajabdolali bazzaz, vikram subramanya, yeshaiahu fainman, george papen, and amin vahdat university of california, san diego abstract the basic building block of ever larger data centers has. Twoport networks topicwise gate questions on network. Pdf two port networks lecture for students introduction. For each configuration a certain set of parameters may be more useful than others to describe the network. As the name suggests, two port networks contain two ports. A pair of terminals through which a current may enter or leave a network. We can use any twoport parameter set, including admittance parameters y, impedance parameters z, hybrid h or inverse hybrid parameters.
A two port network has an input port and an output port, each with. Two terminals constitute a port if the currents applied to them satisfy the essential requirement known as the port condition. The current entering one terminal leaves through the other. Model of the terminated two port circuit a two port circuit is typically driven at port 1 and loaded at port 2, which can be modeled as. The describing equations for the various twoport network represen. The voltages and the currents are measured with voltmeters v 1, v 2 and ammeters a 1, a 2 all assumed to be ideal, as indicated. Convert between admittance, impedance, hybrid, and transmission parameters. Consider two transmission line networks with transmission parameters,, and,, are connected in cascade as shown in fig. I guess this is something which must have originated from mathematicians. A pair of terminals through which a current may enter or leave a network is known as a port. Twoport networks may be interconnected in various configurations, such as series, parallel, cascade, seriesparallel, and parallelseries connections. When z11z22, the two port circuit is said to be symmetrical.
Note that any twoport linear and timeinvariant circuit can be described in this way. The combination is to the represented as a single two port network, by multiplying the individual a zparameter matrices b hparameter matrices. The hybridpi model is a linearized twoport network approximation to the bjt using the smallsignal baseemitter voltage, and collectoremitter voltage, as independent variables, and the smallsignal base current, and collector current, as dependent variables. To study the two port network theory the box in the fig.
Hybrid two port network modelling, as described by the texts, is a topic which enables one to reduce a complicated network into a simple two port network. Twoterminal devices or elements such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors result in oneport networks. Computer networking and management lesson 1 computer. It can also be referred to as four terminal network or quadruple network, such network are as in important as in transmission element thus making it necessary to analyze the input and output. Two of the main differences of ndl over other topology schemata are its use of rdf resource. The twoport model is used to describe the performance of a circuit in terms of the voltage and current at its input and output ports. Pdf analysis of hybrid parameters of a single stage. In contrast to the impedance, admittance, and hybrid parameters, the scattering parameters of linear electrical or electronic networks are measured without need of shortcircuiting or open circuiting input and output ports. Describe the interconnection of twoport networks to form more complicated networks.
Here, voltage and current and of input part are expressed in term of output part. The definition and the method of measuring each of the four z parameters are given in fig. Under following switch conditions, the readings obtained are. And a ports input and output current should be same to call it a port. A two port network shown below is excited by external dc sources. Hybrid parameters also known as h parameters are known as hybrid parameters as they use z parameters, y parameters, voltage ratio, and current ratios to represent the relationship between voltage and current in a two port network h parameters are useful in describing the inputoutput characteristics of circuits where it is hard to measure z or y. Pdf on aug 31, 2018, henry erialuode amhenrior and others published analysis of hybrid parameters of a single stage small signal transistor amplifier using twoport network. Tutorial exercise in theory of electrical engineering. Purely proactive or purely reactive protocols work well within limited region of network setting. The hparameters are also called hybrid parameters since they contain both. Hybrid parameters, h parameters, twoport network, h. In matrix form it can be written as, about electrical4u. Laboratory 3 introduction to twoport networks objectives the objectives of this laboratory are as follows.
Ee 201 twoport 1 twoport circuits with the idea of the thevenin or norton equivalent, we saw that we could represent the behavior of a circuit at a port pair of nodes using a simple sourceresistor combination. Among which, one port is used as an input port and the other port is used as an output port. The demand for a smaller 90degree hybrid coupler with a broader bandwidth is. Pdf on nov 22, 2016, hamza kaouach and others published two port networks lecture for students. A circuit that has an input and an output would need two ports for example, an ampli. Two port equivalent circuit using impedance parameters. Two port networks lecture for students introduction. Model of the terminated twoport circuit a twoport circuit is typically driven at port 1 and loaded at port 2, which can be modeled as.
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